Fall 2024-Week 12

Rsearch Paper Rough Draft Bacteria such as Staphylococcus Aureus, Staphylococcus Epidermis, and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa contribute to many hospital-related infections. Hospital-related infections can be particularly harmful to immunocompromised persons. Due to its known antimicrobial characteristics, manuka honey has been used in medical-grade honey to help fight such infections (Pleeging et al., 2020). However, these bacteria also have the ability to form a biofilm, which can make them harder to eliminate. In order to determine whether manuka honey affects biofilm-forming bacteria, we ran a growth response assay. The growth response assay determines the minimum inhibitory concentration of manuka honey (Hassan et al., 2011). The experiment's expected outcome is the demonstration of antimicrobial and anti-biofilm characteristics of Staphylococcus Aureus due to Manuka honey. The Manuka honey with the higher MGO concentration is expected to have a greater inhibitory factor. If the research proves significant, we can apply knowledge of manuka honey and biofilms to combat infections caused by biofilm-forming bacteria in hospital settings. Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, most known as MRSA in the medical industry, is a dangerous form of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. It spreads in healthcare facilities. Immuno-compromised people and people with open wounds are more susceptible to getting infections in hospitals. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are considered two of the most prevalent pathogens in hospital-related infections. These strains of Staphylococcus usually are part of the human microbiota, and they can contaminate medical instruments and implants and cause infections (Chessa et al., 2016). Due to the increased emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, finding new ways to combat these pathogens has become essential. Their ability to form biofilms makes each of these bacteria difficult. Biofilm formation is one of the leading contributors to antibiotic resistance and hospital-related infections. The biofilm allows bacteria to stick and multiply on medical instruments (Le et al., 2014). Biofilms comprise extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), S. Epidermis, and S. Aureus biofilms, which are polysaccharides, amyloids, and proteins (Rachid et al., 2000). Studies suggest the synthesis of biofilms is due to the expression of icaADCB proteins (Rohde et al., 2001) (Fluckiger et al., 2005). Manuka honey is derived from the manuka tree (Leptospermum scoparium) in New Zealand (Adams et al., 2009). Unlike regular honey, which gets its antimicrobial characteristics from the increased presence of hydrogen peroxide, Manuka honey's antimicrobial characteristics come from its high concentration of methylglyoxal (Adams et al., 2008). Studies suggest that manuka honey inhibits the growth of drug-resistant bacteria (Brown et al., 2020). The purpose of this study was to figure out if Manuka Honey influenced the growth of biofilm (Camplin & Maddocks, 2014).